1-4 Classification of hydroelectric power plants, their energy production process and its characteristics?
A: According to the way of concentrated gap is divided into: dam-type hydro-power plant; riverbed hydro-power plant; diversion-type hydro-power plant; hybrid hydro-power plant.
Adjusted by the degree of runoff is divided into: no regulation of hydro-power plants; there is regulation of hydro-power plants; daily regulation of hydro-power plants; annual regulation of hydro-power plants; years of regulation of hydro-power plants.
Hydro-power plant has the following characteristics: comprehensive utilization of hydro-power resources; low cost of power generation, high efficiency; flexible operation; water can be saved and regulated; hydroelectric power does not pollute the environment; investment in hydro-power plant construction period is longer; hydro-power plant construction and production Due to the construction of the reservoir, submerged land, the relocation of the relocated, the relocation of the river, the water quality and the seasonal meteorological conditions, so the power generation is also affected by the hydro meteorological conditions of the constraints of the wet season and dry season, Agricultural production to bring some negative effects, but also up to a certain extent and the destruction of the natural ecological balance.
1-5 What is the Function of Pumped Storage Power Plant in Electric Power System?
A: The role of pumped storage power plants in the power system: peaking; fill valley; reserve; FM;
Function: Reduce the fuel consumption of the power system; Improves the utilization rate of thermal power equipment; it can be used as the peak load power source with low power generation cost; Have no pollution to the environment and beautify the environment; Pumped storage power plant can be used for energy storage.
1-6 What is Nuclear power plant power production process and its characteristics?
A: The nuclear power plant is a complex system, concentrating on many contemporary high-tech. The nuclear power plant's system consists of nuclear islands and conventional islands. Nuclear power plants are equipped with various auxiliary systems, control systems and facilities in order to stabilize and economically operate nuclear power and to ensure the safety of reactors and to prevent the release of radioactive material in the event of an accident. In the case of pressure reactors, there are the following main systems: nuclear steam supply systems for nuclear islands; ancillary systems for nuclear islands; systems for conventional islands.
The basic rules and routines for the operation of nuclear power plants, like power plants, are based on the load requirements of the power plant to regulate the supply heat
Quantity, making the thermal power and electrical load balance. Since nuclear power plants are supplied by reactors, the operation of nuclear power plants has some new features compared to thermal power plants: 1) In thermal power plants, fuel can be supplied continuously to the boiler, while reactors in PWR reactors by only a reactor core loading, pay a fixed-term reactor for refueling.Therefore, in the early days after the core replacement excess reactivity is very large. In order to compensate for excess reactivity, in addition there is the use of control rods, but that also need to add boric acid in the coolant, and boron concentration changes to adjust the reaction rate of the reactor. The presence of boric acid in the reactor coolant brings some complexity to the operation and control of the primary circuit and the auxiliary system. 2) reactor core, the nuclear fuel fission reaction to emit nuclear energy at the same time, also released neutrons and γ-ray contamination. Due to the accumulation of fission products, reactor internals and pressure vessels and other reactor radiation due to activation of the reactor, whether in operation or after the closure, there is a strong radioactivity, which gives the power plant Operation and maintenance has brought some difficulties. After the reactor is shut down, the accumulation of fission fragments and β, γ decay processed in the running pipeline will continue to generate residual heat in the core. So the reactor can not shut down immediately after cooling, just after the waste heat discharged,otherwise there will be overheating of the fuel element and the risk of burning;
